Danny Amor's Online Library/Danny Amor's Online Library - Volume 1.iso/html/faqs/faq/apple2/part2

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Subject: comp.sys.apple2 - Frequently Asked Questions (and answers) part 2 of 2
Newsgroups: comp.sys.apple2,news.answers,comp.answers
From: [e-mail] (Dan DeMaggio)
Date: 7 Nov 1994 04:53:23 GMT

Archive-name: apple2/part2
Last-modified: 08 Sep 1994
Version: 4.01


################################
#  Q#15  What is an Apple II?  #
################################

:::::::::::::::::::::::
:  Q#16  The Apple I  :
:::::::::::::::::::::::

The orignial Apple was not much more than a board.  You had to supply your own
keyboard, monitor and case. It sold for $666.66, but now they are worth much
more as a collector's item.

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:  Q#17  The Apple ][ and Apple ][+  :
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

The computers that started the Apple II line.  They have the 6502, ability to
do High and Low rez color graphics, sound, plus they have 7 expansion slots
to add peripherials. Surprisingly, the ][+ can run some of today's software.
For instance, I've run Davex and FredWriter under ProDOS. You can even run
AppleWorks if you have more than 128K and a program called PlusWorks.

Recommended configuration: 16K language card (in slot 0 with a ribbon cable
running to the RAM), an 80-column video card (not the same as a //e 80-column
card), shift key modification (a wire running from shift key to game port),
modified character ROMs to do lower case. You can add memory in various ways,
but programs that require 128K probably will not work, no matter how much RAM
you have. You can also add accelerators like the Rocket/Zip.

:::::::::::::::::::::::::
:  Q#18  The Apple //e  :
:::::::::::::::::::::::::

The //e comes in two flavors: Enhanced and Unenhanced.  Apple makes an
Enhancement kit that will upgrade an unenhanced to enhanced by replacing 4
chips (CPU [65C02], Video ROM [MouseText], and new Monitor/Applesoft ROMs).
Most current software require an Enhanced //e, and sometimes 128K too. The
current operating system is ProDos (Version 2.0 or so).  The Apple //e is
still useful for three major reasons: 1) It runs AppleWorks, a simple to use,
yet sophisticated Spreadsheet/Word Processor/Database. 2) There are many
Apples in schools, so there is a ton of educational software for it. 3) It is
was and will always be a _Personal_ computer.  You can learn as little or as
much as you want, and nothing stops you from learning about every nook and
cranny in it. Ask any big name programmer in MS/DOS or Mac where they learned
to program.  Most of them taught themselves on a good ol' Apple //. Good
programs for an Apple //e: AppleWorks 4.0 (Spreadsheet/Word
Processor/Database from Quality Computers), Copy ][+ (file utility from
Central Point), ProTerm 3.0 (communications/terminal emulator from InSync),
PrintShop (sign/card/banner printer from Broderbund).

Recommended configuration: Extended 80 Column card (gives you 128K) or
RamWorks (512K to 1MB RAM).  Enhancement kit if it was an Unenhanced //e. A
Hard Drive is reccommended if you use a lot of different programs. You can
also speed it up with an accelerator (like the Rocket Chip, Zip Chip or
TransWarp).

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:  Q#19  The Apple //C and IIC+  :
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

The //c and //c+ are 'luggable' versions of an Enhanced //e, with many
built-in 'cards'. Included are 2 serial ports, a mouse port, a 3.5" disk port
and 128K of RAM. The //C+ has a built-in accelerator that runs at 4 MHz. Even
though they don't have slots, you can still add extra memory (there's room
under the keyboard) and a hard drive (through the disk port--a bit slow by
ordinary standards, but usable.  (Hard to find though.. Was made by Chinook).
The //c and //C+ run just about everything that an Enhanced //e runs. The //C
and //C+ cannot connect to an AppleTalk network.

Recommended configuration:  1 MB RAM, 3.5" drive, maybe a Hard drive.

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:  Q#20  The Laser 128EX  :
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::

While not made by Apple, this clone is a cross between the //c and an Enhanced
//e.  It is as luggable as a //c and has built-in 'cards', and an
accelerator.  It also has a slot to expand. If you want to add a card, you
may have to disable the internal UDC (for 3.5" drives) or the internal 1MB
memory expansion.  Runs almost everything that the //c and //e runs.

::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:  Q#21  The Apple IIGS  :
::::::::::::::::::::::::::

The GS represents a giant leap in the Apple // line.  It can still run //e
software, but has a better processor (16-bit), a new super-hires graphics
mode, a toolbox in ROM (just like the Mac) and a 32 oscillator Ensoniq sound
chip. It can not only run ProDos, but it can also run GS/OS, a sophisticated
operating system very much like the Macintosh's OS. The original GS ROM 00 (I
think they all have the Woz signature) must have several chips upgraded to
boot/run current software. The ROM 01 had 256K on the motherboard, while the
ROM 03 has 1 MB.  Although there were a few ROM changes, the current system
software will work patch the toolbox ROMs to look identical.

Recommended configuration: 1.25 MB lets you boot up GS/OS and and use most
programs. With 2 MB, you will have room for Desk Accessories.  Go for 4 MB if
you want a RAM disk (useful if you don't have a hard drive) or do a lot of
Graphics work. Adding a hard drive is highly recommended. You can also speed
it up with a TransWarp GS or Zip GS.

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:  Q#22  The Apple ][e Emulation Card  :
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

This is a card that fits in certian Macs that lets one run Apple //e software.
It is actually more like a //c because the card is not expandable like a //e.
There is a place on the back of the card to plug in a UniDisk 5.25" and a
joystick.  Because the graphics are handled by the Mac, animation may be slow
if you don't have a decent Mac.

#################################################
#  Q#23  Some Common Questions (with answers!)  #
#################################################

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:  Q#24  Info about A2's:  :
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Q#25  What is 8 bit and 16 bit?

A: That indicates how big the chunks of data are that the CPU can manipulate.
The Apple IIGS is a 16-bit machine and all previous Apple ]['s are 8-bit.
This is one of the reasons you cannot run GS software on a //e.

Q#26  How can I tell what version my computer is?

A: Apple //e:  The major division is between the Enhanced and unenhanced
models.   Look at your computer while re-booting.  If it says "APPLE ][", it
is not enhanced. The enhanced computers will say "Apple //e". You can upgrade
it yourself by getting the Apple //e Enhancement kit. (It contains 4 chips to
replace on your motherboard.)   Many newer programs will not work unless you
have an Enhanced //e. If you have a //c or GS, or a Laser 128, you have
Enhanced //e compatibility.  There are also some older //e's that are not
capable of double-hires.  Check the serial number on the motherboard (in the
back, by the power-on led). If it is 820-0064-A, you must change the
motherboard to upgrade (unless you have the PAL version). Serial #s like
820-0064-B or 820-0087-A are the plain //e, and the version with the grey
case comes pre-Enhanced.

Apple //GS: There are 3 major versions of the GS: Check the initial power-up
screen.  It will say ROM 01, ROM 03.  If it does not say either, you have the
Original (Woz Signature edition). You must upgrade  it in order to run
current system software. The ROM 01 has 256K on the motherboard, while the
ROM 03 has 1 MB on the motherboard.   All the enhancements of the ROM 03
(except the 1MB, of course) can be added to the ROM 01 simply by booting up
with current system software.

Apple //c: Go into Basic and type "PRINT PEEK (64447)" and press return.  If
it says 255,  you have a very old //c.  See your dealer about getting an
upgrade (tell them that the Apple authorization number is ODL660). If it says
0, you can do 3.5" drives, but you don't have the memory expansion connector.
If it says 3 You have the memory expansion.  If it says 4, you have the
latest model of the //c.  If it says 5, you have a //c+.

Q#27  What programming languages are available for the Apple ][?

A: Larry W. Virden maintains  The Apple II Programmer's Catalog of Languages
and Toolkits. It's archived on several FTP sites. (The main one first)

FTP: idiom.berkeley.ca.us /pub/compilers-list/AppleIICatalog.[version]

FTP: apple2.archive.umich.edu /apple2/misc/textfiles/programming.languages.[version].txt

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:  Q#28  Adding Hardware:  :
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Q#29  Can the Apple II connect to SCSI devices?

A: Yes. See the section on SCSI in this FAQ.

Q#30  Can I use Macintosh Monitors or 3.5" drives with my ][?

A: In general, no.  Apple's 3.5" drive has logic to sense which machine it is
hooked up to (Apple II or Macintosh) and it works accordingly. Most 3rd party
drives don't bother to put in Apple II support in their drives.  The Mac
monitors cannot be used with the ][ line, not even the GS.  Some may work if
you hook them up to a UDC instead of an Apple 3.5" card. Old style Mac 800k
drives are very slow.

Q#31  Can I hook up a LaserWriter, DeskJet, etc to my Apple //e?

A: Yes, all the above connections have regular serial or parallel connections.
  The tricky part is getting them to do what you want. The DeskJet, for
example will print very nice looking text with regular old "PR#1".   But if
you want to change the font or print graphics, you may have to purchase some
software.  One excellent program for these  types of printers is PublishIt 4.
 You won't believe the output you can get from a //e.  For AppleWorks fans,
there is the program  called SuperPatch.  Among it's patches is a cool
DeskJet 500 printer driver.  You can print sideways, and change  fonts with
normal AppleWorks commands.  The Deskjet driver is built in to AW 4.0.

Q#32  Can I hook up a LaserWriter, DeskJet, etc to my Apple IIGS?

A: On the GS, you can hook up a LaserWriter via AppleTalk or direct serial
connection.   A GS program can typically print to a LaserWriter if it's
connected to the GS via AppleTalk.  If you get a DeskJet, or PaintJet, etc,
you can hook them up via the serial port.  But in order to use them
effectively, you will want Harmony from Vitesse  (better) or Independence
(cheaper) from Seven Hills.  They are new printer drivers for GS/OS programs
only. If you want to print from an 8-bit program, see the previous question.

Q#33  Can I hook up a scanner up to my //e? Can it do OCR?

A: Yes and Yes. (OCR stands for Optical Character Recognition -- the ability
to convert a scan into text) Just pick up a Quickie scanner (by Vitesse) and
InWords  (by WestCode Software). You can scan 4" columns (you must have 512K
to 1 Meg) and can even paste them together to make 8" scans.   Then you can
use InWords to "read" text and put it into a text file or AppleWorks Word
Processor file.

Q#34  Can a Disk ][ be used on a GS smartport?

A: Yes. Call Jameco Electronics (Phone:  [phone]) S20 PIN HEADER TO
DB19-PIN CONNECTOR MODULE ADAPTS II/II+ DRIVES FOR APPLE IIC. PART NO:  10022
  PRODUCT NO.:  AAM  APPLE IIC ADAPTER   $3.95

Q#35  What's the scoop on the new HD 3.5" drive?

A: In order to do High Density on the Apple //, you will need both the High
Density 3.5" drive and the new Apple 3.5" controller. If you don't have both,
you will only be able to do regular density. Of course, you will also need
High Density Disks.

Once you have collected the above items, you are in for a pleasant surprise.
ProDos 8 programs not only recognize it, but most programs format and
recognize HD disks just fine. You can even boot off of a HD disk, allowing
plenty of room for GS/OS Desk Accessories and such.

There are a few drawbacks: You cannot boot copy-protected software or (or some
FTA demos.)  You can't daisy-chain a 5.25" of a HD card. Also, it takes up a
slot, even on the GS.

Q#36  I want a Y-adapter for my GS keyboard.

A: Redmond Cable has an ADB Y-connector cable for separating your mouse from
the side of your keyboard (also can be used to work around a failing ADB port
on the keyboard).  See the 'Resources' section of this FAQ.

::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:  Q#37  File Transfer:  :
::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Q#38  How can I transfer stuff to/from and IBM/Mac?

A: Here's a summary: [Note that you can always do transfers by modem or Null
Modem]

Q#39  File transfer: Apple //e ---> Macintosh

 < Apple File Exchange (comes with Mac system software) allows you to copy
to/from ProDos (3.5") disks.

 < There's the IIe Emulation Card that fits into the LC, LC II, LC III,
Performa 400 and the Color Classic. The card has a port for a 5.25" drive,
from which you could copy things to/from the Mac.

 < The ProDos File System Manager is an init (available via FTP) that allows
you to use ProDos 3.5" disks as if they were normal Mac disks. [You will have
to download the entire disk to get that one file.]

FTP: ftp.apple.com /aii/lc.iiecard /

 < A //e to Imagewriter cable can function as a null-modem to connect serial
ports.  Use communication software on both ends.

Q#40  File transfer: Apple //e <--- Macintosh

 < The programs A2FX and HFSLink will allow you to read Mac disks in a regular
3.5" Apple //e drive. They don't work with High Density disks though.

FTP: apple2.archive.umich.edu /apple2/8bit/util/a2fx.8.bsq

FTP: apple2.archive.umich.edu /apple2/8bit/util/hfslink.b3.bsq

 < See Mac -> //e question about null-modems

Q#41  File transfer: Apple //e ---> IBM

 < If the computers are close enough, get a null-modem cable and communication
software with file-transfer capability for both computers.

 < See below about CrossWorks.

 < Also, see the question on the CTI drive.

Q#42  File transfer: Apple //e <--- IBM

 < See below about CrossWorks.

 < If you have a new Apple High Density 3.5" Drive and High Density 3.5"
controller card, then you can use the program MSDOSCOPY (via FTP) to read IBM
disks. (I'm not sure if this does high density IBM Disks or not.)

FTP: apple2.archive.umich.edu /apple2/8bit/util/nsdos.cnvt.bsq

 < Also, see the question on the CTI drive.

Q#43  File transfer: Apple IIGS ---> Macintosh

 < See above for //e to Mac, or below for Mac to GS

Q#44  File transfer: Apple IIGS <--- Macintosh

 < GS/OS 6.0 will read and write Mac disks just fine if you have the HFS FST
installed. (See the resources section for info on how to get GS/OS)

 < Note that you want to read high density (HD) disks, you will need BOTH the
Apple HD 3.5" drive AND the HD 3.5" Drive Controller Card.

 < See also notes about null-modem above

Q#45  File transfer: Apple IIGS ---> IBM

 < The Applied Engineering PC Transporter has a utility to copy files from
MS/DOS to/from ProDos (regardless of disk size).  Unfortunately, the PCT
often has problems and AE is unwilling to actively support the card.

 < Also, see the question on the CTI drive.

 < There is always null-modem cables. (see above)

Q#46  File transfer: Apple IIGS <--- IBM

 < If you have a new Apple High Density 3.5" Drive and High Density 3.5"
controller card, then you can use GS/OS 6.0.1's MSDOS FST to read IBM 3.5"
disks. Note that Apple 5.25"s don't have the hardware to read/write IBM 5.25"
disks.

 < Also, see the question on the CTI drive.

 < There is always null-modem cables. (see above)

Q#47  What's the CTI Drive?

A: The CTI drive allows you to hook up IBM 3.5" and 5.25" disk drives (no High
Density support yet) to your Apple II. [IBM drives are cheaper] Some software
is included to read MS/DOS disks on your Apple. Otherwise, ProDos and GS/OS
recognize them like normal drives. See CTI's address in the resources
section. Also see SSH systems in the resource section.

Q#48  How about hooking up cheap IDE Hard Drives?

A: There's a card called Turbo IDE, does DMA, is as fast as a RamFAST SCSI
card. Contact [e-mail] for details like technical specs,
pricing, and S/H procedure.

Q#49  How do I USE stuff I have transferred to/from an IBM/Mac?

A: In general, only certian types of files can be usefully transferred
back-and-forth between computers. One thing that you CANNOT do is run
programs designed for another type of computer.  But often you can transfer
data files between similar programs (Spreadsheets) on different platforms.
Here are some pointers:

One helpful hint is that all computers can read text files.  Most word
processors can save your file as text and import as text. But with text
files, you will loose all your formatting (font type, centering and
so-forth).  For spreadsheets, saving as DIF will make conversion a breeze.
Databases can be saved as tab-delimited records.  (Note that in AppleWorks,
you have to go to Print to save in these formats).  Look for options like
"Import" or "Export" (or "Save As" in the Mac world).

If you want to do better, there are several options available. A commercial
program called MacLinkPlus can do some conversions.  Some Claris programs do
conversions automagically. Also, AFE can convert between some kinds of
documents (For example AppleWorks Word Processor to MsWorks) if you have the
right translator.

FTP: sumex-aim.stanford.edu /info-mac/util/afe-appleworks-msworks.hqx

For IBM folk,The CrossWorks program can convert between many Apple and IBM
formats, and even comes with a universal null modem cable. Alternately, If
you use AppleWorks a lot, you can get SuperWorks for the IBM, a clone of
AppleWorks.  It can import AppleWorks files directly.  For graphics,
SuperConvert can convert between all Apple-specific graphics formats and many
Mac, Amiga and IBM specific formats.  It can also save as GIF, which is a
universal standard.

Q#50  How do I get cool Mac Icons and fonts onto my GS?

A: Find the program "Resource Spy"

FTP: apple2.archive.umich.edu /pub/apple2/gs/util/resource.spy.bsq

Q#51  What programs are there for conversion of graphic images?

A: There are quite a few:

 > IIGIF is a freeware GIF converter for any Apple II (but there is  a patch
needed for the Apple //c). It reads in GIF and saves as  hires or
double-hires.

FTP: apple2.archive.umich.edu /apple2/8bit/graphics/iigif.bsc

FTP: apple2.archive.umich.edu /apple2/8bit/graphics/iic.patch.for.iigif

 > MACDOWN is also freeware and lets you do the same with MacPaint pics.

 > A ProDos 8 version of The Graphics Exchange (don't know much about it).

[The following software only work on an Apple IIGS]

 > The Graphics Exchange converts between many formats of graphics.

 > Prizm v1.0 Converts .GIFs, Amiga IFFs, Raw Files, and some other types to
 Greyscale (very fast), 16 colors, 256 colors, and 3200 colors!  Size     of
picture limited by availabe RAM (Avail from Big Red Computer Club, ~$40)

 > SuperConvert loads all GS formats, plus GIFS and other non-GS  specific
formats and saves in all GS formats (including Finder Icon files).  It has
more dithering options than most of the other programs, but you may have to
play with it to find the best one.

 > SHRConvert is the earlier, shareware, predecessor to SuperConvert. It does
a pretty good job on the types of graphics it supports.

FTP: apple2.archive.umich.edu /apple2/gs/graphics/shrconvert.2.1.bsq

 > Platinum Paint is a commercial program that can import all GS formats plus
MacPaint. It can only save in SHR and Apple Preferred. Version 2.0 can make
Animations too!

 > ShowPic 6 is a shareware NDA that can display most GS formats.  You can
also save the resulting graphic as a IIGS SHR painting.

FTP: apple2.archive.umich.edu /apple2/gs/gsos/nda/showpic.6.0.bsq

 > Dream Grafix supports all 3200 color picture types and also 16 color and
256 color pictures. This is a very impressive commercial paint program with
its 3200 color support.

Note: 'All GS formats' includes Superhires (type $C1 and $C0), hires,
double-hires and PrintShop/PrintShop GS.

Q#52  I have an old CPM / PASCAL / DOS 3.3 disk.  How do I get it into ProDos?

A: The //e system software, the DOS3.3 FST (GS/OS System 6), and Copy ][+ can
all convert Dos 3.3 files into ProDos. This is only helpful for text files,
graphics, and some Basic programs. For ProDos,  CPM, Pascal, Dos 3.3, try the
program Chameleon. It's only drawback is that it does not recognize hard
disks. (just use a temporary ProDos floppy disk)

FTP: apple2.archive.umich.edu /apple2/8bit/util/chameleon.bsq

Q#53  How do you copy from a 5.25" disk to 3.5" disk?

A: ProDos has no problems with this, as long as you copy by files.  Note that
ProDos can only have 51 files in the main directory. If you try to exceed
that, it will give you a cryptic 'Disk Full' error. If there really is space
left on the disk, you can copy all the files into a subdirectory to get
around the 51-file limit.  In theory, you can put an unlimited number of
files in a Subdirectory, but in practice, you should limit them to a few
hundred.

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:  Q#54  Strange problems:  :
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Q#55  How do I get out of Basic (that little "]" prompt and flashing cursor?

A: Type the word "BYE" and press return.  Now get out the Apple manual 'A
Touch of BASIC' and read it.

Q#56  What are the problems with GSCII?

A: GSCII is a great program, but has two subtle problems: First, it won't work
correctly if you extract to a HFS disk (so extract to a ProDOS disk). Also,
it won't set the size correctly on S16 files. This should only be a problem
when downloading Shrinkit GS.  In that case, use BINSCII.  The rest of the
time you will be extracting .SHK files, which don't care about extra bytes at
the end.

Q#57  AppleWorks won't print to my printer.  What gives?

A: AppleWorks will refuse to print to a slot that has a disk device.  In the
past, this worked well because if you try to print to a slot that has a disk
controller in it, you will re-boot.  But now, this can cause problems when a
disk device is 'mapped' into your printer slot (due to a limitation in
ProDos, you can only have 2 drives per slot. Extra partitions on your hard
drive will be re-mapped to other slots). If you have a RamFast, you can
re-map the drives to different slots. Otherwise, (for AW 3.0) use this patch:
POKE 768,128: POKE 769,10 and then BSAVE APLWORKS.SYSTEM,TSYS,A$300,L2,B$AE3.
If you didn't understand that, e-mail me, or look into John Link's SuperPatch
program, which includes many more patches.

Q#58  My GS control panel keeps resetting to the defaults and/or forgetting
the date.

A: It's probably your battery.  If you have a ROM 03 GS, you just pop it out
an get another.  On the ROM 01, you will need a Slide-On Battery Replacement
Kit from Night Owl Productions. See address in 'Resources' section.

Q#59  I'm getting Error XXX.  What's it mean?

A: Some common errors and their cause:

ProDos Errors:
UNABLE TO LOAD PRODOS   - You can't boot a disk unless it has ProDos and a
                          something.SYSTEM file on it
$27    I/O Error.  Possibly a bad disk?  Verify it with Prosel or Copy II Plus
$44    Path not found (You gave an invalid directory name)
$45    Volume not found (you didn't type in the right disk name)
$46    File not found (you didn't type a valid filename)
GS/OS errors:
0911   Either your GS is overheating, or the ADB port is having problems
0301   Bad TransWarp
0308   see 8021
8020   Either random TransWarp, or SCSI (try using different SCSI connector)
8021   If you get this at random times and you have a HS Apple SCSI, it's
       probably a version conflict.  Install the SCSI drivers from your GS/OS
       disk, not your HS Apple SCSI disk.



Q#60  Why does my Apple II lose characters when I'm using the modem?

A: Check the following:  1) Your software may need interrupts enabled.
Examine DIP Switch 2-6 on your Super Serial Card. 2) If you have an
unenhanced //e, you need to enhance your //e.  3) If you have a //c, it may
be one of the ones that had a serial port problem. Talk to your dealer about
upgrading it for 2400 baud support.

Q#61  Where do I get support for AE boards now that they are closed?

A: Bruce BABB, ex-AE bench tech, is offering support out of his home for
customer support of AEUs boards. He also hints that another company is
opening  that will sell many of the Apple II products the AE made. You can
reach Bruce via Email at 76004,1575 Compuserve or  [e-mail]
<internet>

Q#62  Is there a QWK reader for the Apple // E?

A: Yes, it's called 2qwk!. To use 2qwk!  you must patch prodos to allow
filenames sent by MS-DOS machines. The beta  version is available now on
grind and caltech.

###############################
#  Q#63  System 6.0 mini-FAQ  #
###############################

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:  Q#64  Common Problems  :
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Some programs are incompatible with CloseView.  Symptoms are the mouse wipes
out everything it moves over. Remove CloseView or inactivate it  in the
system folder.  May still cause troubles if active, but set to 'off'.  See GS
Technote #91.

EasyAccess is also incompatible with some applications, (especially on ROM
01). Symptoms are a locked keyboard, and not being able to reboot.  Remove it
or make it inactive.

Missing features of system 6? Perhaps you just used easy install, which
doesn't install all the bells and whistles.  Try clicking on customize and
add the nifty things like Calculator, Find File, HFS FST, etc.  You can also
read the Shortcuts file on SystemTools2 for some great keyboard shortcuts.

Finder icons that match by name and have a leading wildcard require uppercase
letters.  For example, a name like "[star].txt" never matches, but
"[star].TXT" works fine (it matches regardless of a file's actual
capitalization).  (This was accidental; the 5.0.4 Finder did not care about
capitalization in icon files.)

Two misconceptions about System 6: The A2.RAMCARD is not for the GS's /RAM5.
It only works with "slinky" (i.e. standard slot) cards.  Also, the DOS 3.3
FST has nothing to do with MS-DOS.

::::::::::::::::::::::::
:  Q#65  Tips & Hints  :
::::::::::::::::::::::::

The AppleShare logon programs have always looked for a folder named "Mail"
inside your user folder whenever you log onto a user volume.  If there's any
items in there, they present a dialog that says "You have mail."  Under SSW
6.0, that also sends a SysBeep2 request so you can get the sound of your
choice.

If you don't want to see your icons on boot, set bit 1 (i.e. the 2nd LSB) of
BRAM Location $5F. Be sure not to mess with the other bits.  Use the toolbox
calls!

The FinderExtras folder goes in the same folder as the Finder (generally the
System folder).

If you don't like yellow folders in the Finder you can change the byte at
offset +65 in the Finder resource with type $C001 and ID 1. Change the $E0 to
whatever you want (the first digit is the default folder foreground color,
and the low nibble is for the outline color). Only folders that do not
already have a color recorded in a Finder.Data file get the default color.

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:  Q#66  If you have a RamFast  :
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

The RamFast and ProDos 2.0.1 both try to do re-mapping of drives to unused
slots.  This can cause problems, mostly when launching and returning from
ProDos 8 applications (crashes or wants you to insert disk). Solution:
Configure the RamFast not to re-map.  If you have a RamFAST with a ROM
revision less than 2.01a, you need to get a newer ROM from CVT.  Otherwise,
V2.01c allows setting Slot Priority Allocations to 0 which will let ProDos
deal with them.  V3.0 allows you to choose between RamFast mapping (works
now) and ProDos 8 mapping. If you can't wait, you can Patch ProDos 2.0 not to
re-map slots. Look for "10 BF C9 A5 D0 07" and change the $A5 to $00 (should
be byte $1A3 in the 5th block of the file).  Hack at your own risk.

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:  Q#67  If you have a Vulcan or AE High Density disk  :
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Due to problems with the Vulcan, when booting, it asks for your System Disk.
Just put the Vulcan driver on your boot disk, boot it, and then launch the
installer. Alternately, put the driver on the installer disk and boot it.
(but you have to delete some of the installer scripts first) For the AE High
Density Drive, be sure to remove Apple's 3.5" driver when putting on AE's.

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:  Q#68  If you have ProSel  :
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Rename start to something else before running the installer, or else the
Finder won't be installed. Believe me, you don't want to miss out on Finder
6.0!

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:  Q#69  If you have an AMR 3.5"  :
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

If the computer hangs (mostly at the Standard File dialogue box) with no disk
in the drive, try putting one in.  What's happening is that GS is reading the
status from the drive, and the drive won't return anything unless there is a
disk in the drive.  Just stick a disk in and all will be fine.  If it really
annoys you, either deactive the 3.5" driver (get IR so you can double-click
to re-activate it) or simply keep a disk in the drive at all times. This is
not a problem under ProDos 8.

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:  Q#70  GSCII+ & HFS Note  :
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

There is a problem with the HFS FST, but only  GSCII seems to be affected.
When de-binscii-ing files, put the output onto a ProDos volume, not an HFS
one.

[ Mega-thanks to Dave Lyons & friends for these. ]

########################################
#  Q#71  What to do with an Apple ][?  #
########################################

Q#72  What can you hook up to an Apple ][?

A: Hard Drives, Scanners, Video Digitizers, Laser Printers, Video Overlay
Cards, Tape backups, Inkjet Printers, 24 pin Dot Matrix Printers, EPROM
Burners, AppleTalk Networks, High Density 3.5" drives, serial cards, parallel
cards, audio Digitizers, CP/M boards (Z-80 processor), an IBM-on-a-card, 9600
baud modems, D/A and A/D cards, joysticks, mice, graphics tablets, touch
screens, extended keyboards, track balls, several Megabytes of RAM, Real-time
clocks, (cheap) IBM disk drives and of course, Users!

This list is by no means exhaustive: This is just what I personally have done.
All of it is available NOW, and can be done on any Apple //e. In the very
near future, you will be able to hook up:

EitherTalk Networks, DSP boards, and cheap FAX modems.

Q#73  What can you do with an Apple ][?

A: As if the above weren't impressive, how about:  Optical Character
recognition, Desktop publishing, Integrated Spread sheet, Database and Word
Processing, Interactive fiction adventure games, Arcade quality games,
Educational games, Programming, Telecommunications, Inventory, Accounting,
Money Management, and that's not even scratching the surface.

Q#74  What can the //e can "borrow" from other computers?

A: GS bitmapped fonts, Mac Disks, MacPaint pictures, GIF pictures, just about
any Mac SCSI device (Hard Drives, Tape backup), Mac sounds?, many archive
formats (like uudecode), any serial device (EPROM burners, FAX modems,
mega-fast modems w/ MNP5), etc.

Q#75  What can the GS can "borrow" from other computers?

A: Mac bitmapped fonts, Mac Icons, Mac and Windows TrueType fonts, Mac Disks,
Amiga Mod songs, MacPaint pictures, MacWrite documents, GIF pictures,
WordPerfect documents, just about any Mac SCSI or ADB device (including Hard
Drives, Pen Mice, etc), Mac sounds, Many archive formats (.uu, .zip, .arc,
.sit, .hqx, etc), any serial device (EPROM burners, FAX modems, mega- fast
modems w/hardware MNP-5), etc.

If you are interested in doing any of the above, feel free to e-mail me
([e-mail]). Someday, maybe  I'll fill in the specific software or
hardware you need to do any of the above.  If you have any additions, let me
know too!

######################################
#  Q#76  Resources for the Apple II  #
######################################

Listed below are some places to get information about the Apple II.  You
should also try your local user group (and the user group library), friends,
relatives, library, school, FTP sites, books, and etc.  One good book is "The
Whole Internet Users Guide & Catalog" by Ed Kroll, published by O'Reilly &
Associates Inc.

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:  Q#77  Apple II Groups  :
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::

You can become an associate in the Apple Developer Program for $350 (for Mac
and Apple II) or a mere $150 (for Apple II only) by calling 1-408-974-4897.
That gets you Develop magazine, Apple Technical notes, the Apple Developer
CD, discounts on Apple products, and more! If you want to license Apple
Software for distribution with your product you can get information by
calling 1-408-974-4667. (Note: You need a license to distribute Apple System
Software, including ProDOS, and the Installer.)

USUS (Keith Frederick (Secretary), P.O. Box 1148, La Jolla, CA 92038) is an
international non-profit organization dedicated to promoting and influencing
software standards to aid in the development of portable software.  They have
a large software library including a lot of source code (for almost every
language or computer).

NAUG, the National AppleWorks Users Group (313-454-1115, 313-454-1965 FAX,
615-359-8238 BBS) is a group devoted to that wonder program, AppleWorks.

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:  Q#78  Getting Parts & Software  :
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Redmond cable (206-882-2009) makes and sells all sorts of custom cables.

Quality Computers (800-777-ENHAnce or 313-774-7200, 313-774-7740 Tech Support,
313-774-2698 FAX) not only sells Apple II products, but maintains a list of
user groups and publishes an informative newsletter geared towards educators
(called Enhance). They also published AppleWorks 4.0! To get a QC catalog and
a free subscription to Enhance, just call! Contact QC (on GEnie), QualityCom
(on AOL) or [e-mail].

Alltech (800-995-7773 orders, 619-721-2823 FAX, 619-721-7733 Technical
Support/inquiries) sells all kinds of replacement parts for Apple II's. They
are also pretty knowledgable about the II. and inquiries)

Sun Remarketing (800-821-3221) also sells used Apples parts and books.

Parkhurst Micro Products (510-837-9098) sells ANSITerm, a GS-only
communications program that supports X/Y/Z-Modem (plus variants), Kermit,
VT-100, Color ANSI, and offers features like a text editor, a large
scrollback buffer, and macros.

Sequential Systems (800-759-4549 or 303-666-4549,800-999-1717 tech,
303-666-7797 BBS)  announced software for the GS that will let you use many
(but not all) CD-ROMs.  Audio, Still Pictures and searching text are
supported. Contact [e-mail]

The Big Red Computer Club, (402-379-4680) or BRCC, (formerly the Big Red Apple
Club, sells all kinds of good software that you can't get anywhere else.
(including discontinued games, etc.)

Chuck Orem (PO Box 1014, Benton City, WA, 99320-1014 USA) has a disk of all
the stuff you need to get your Apple II online. Talk to him for details
([e-mail]).

Digisoft ([e-mail]) has a CD called Golden Orchard that is full of
Apple II-specific programs.  18MB is accessable from 8-bit //e's, the rest is
in HFS partitions that can be accessed with GS/OS System 6.  Cost is around
$60.

Edlie Electronics (800-645-4722 or 516-735-3330) is selling "The ProDOS User's
Kit".  It seems to be your basic ProDOS operating system and a manual. I
doubt that it's a current version, but it's worth a look if you need ProDOS
on 5.25".  Heck, for $1.95, you can't go wrong. [there is a minimum order,
and I have never tried it... Let me know if you try it.]

Washington Apple Pi (301-681-6136, 301-593-0024 BBS [7 bits, odd parity]) has
an extremely active Apple /// Special Interest Group. They have 250 PD disks
and have funded a new revision of the OS. Contact [e-mail]
(Dave Ottalini).

Educational Resources (800-624-2926) sells educational programs for the II.

MECC (800-685-MECC) is a group of educators that grouped together and started
making educational software available inexpensively.

The Cynosure BBS (410-549-2584 Settings: 8 data bits, No parity 1 stop bit, up
to 14400 bps) has a license to distribute system Apple software (ProDos and
GS/OS). Contact [e-mail] (Doug Granzow).

You can also get system software off of Apple Computer's FTP site. It is
maintained by DTS in their spare time. Thanks guys!

FTP: ftp.apple.com ./aii/sys.soft/

The Apple User Group Connection (800-538-9696 ext 500) can tell you the
closest Apple II (or Macintosh) User Group. (Check Quality Computers too..)

Resource-Central (913-469-6502, FAX: [phone]) publishes an 8-page monthly
newsletter. It's small but packed with information.  It has technical
discussions and philosophical discussions. It is also available on disk, with
many PD/SW programs each month.  Resource Central also publishes many monthly
disks, including ones for HyperStudio users, TimeOut users, HyperCard users,
and probably others.  All are on 3.5" disk only. They also have taken over
APDA's job of keeping the latest and greatest from Apple and some 3rd party
vendors.  They have programming tools and manuals not available anywhere else
(like the Video Overlay Card Development kit, Tool 35/SynthLab docs, etc).
Contact A2-CENTRAL, UNCLE-DOS, or DENNIS.DOMS on GEnie.

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:  Q#79  Fun hardware add-ons  :
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

SSH Systems (Write to: SHH SYSTEME, Dipl. Ing. Joachim Lange, Bergstrasse 95,
82131 Stockdorf, Germany) is selling a card for your Apple that will allow
you to use cheap IBM drives for storage. Price is around $100. Contact
[e-mail].

Night Owl (913-362-9898) makes a slide-on battery for ROM 01 GS's.

Conversion Technology (801-364-4171) sells a drive that allows you to hook up
cheap IBM 3.5" and 5.25" disk drives to you Apple II.

Silicon Systems (714-731-7110) makes that DTMF decoder chip that Apple-Cat
modem owners are always looking for. Part #: SSI 75T201 - Integrated DTMF
Receiver. 22 pin DIP

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:  Q#80  Periodicals & Books  :
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Quality Computers and Resource Central (preiously mentioned above) also
publish periodicals.)

Shareware Solutions II (166 Alpine Street, San Rafael, CA 94901) is a new
Apple II magazine with the latest scoops, written by long time Apple II
writer Joe Kohn.  Mail [e-mail] (or "finger" him) for details.

Adam Barr ([e-mail]) and Cindy Field (former InCider/A+ editor)
are starting a new Apple II newsletter, only this one is only available via
e-mail.

GS+ Magazine (800-662-3634 orders, or 615-843-3988 or 913-469-6507 FAX) is
published bi-monthly, as a magazine and as an accompanying disk.  They are a
great source for unique programs, which are not available anywhere else. They
also have reviews of new software.  Of course, it's GS specific. Contact:
GSPlusDiz (on AOL orDelphi), JWANKERL (on GEnie), or
[e-mail].

Hyperstudio Network (609-446-3196) is a quarterly newsletter about
HyperStudio.  They put out an annual 'Best of HyperStudio' disk of stacks,
and have discounts on HyperStudio accessories.  They even do some
teacher-oriented stuff.

Computist (P.O. Box 110846, Tacoma, WA  98411) is a publication devoted to
gathering and distributing information on removing copy protection from Apple
II software.

Softdisk and Softdisk GS (800-831-2694 or 318-221-8718) are monthly disk
magazines containing a variety of software (PD/SW, clip art, reviews, etc).
Softdisk is available on 5.25" or 3.5" disks. Softdisk GS is available only
on 3.5" disks. Contact [e-mail].

::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:  Q#81  Misc Resources  :
::::::::::::::::::::::::::

If you need a IIc upgrade, it should be free.  Try a few Apple dealers or call
Apple to seek help. The number is 1-800-767-2775 (SOS-APPL).

Sequential Systems (1-800-759-4549  customer service 1-800-999-1717 technical
support) have taken over CVTech's products.

Larry Beyer (312-735-9010) likes to fix InnerDrive hard drives.

Apple has a toll-free customer assistance line for handling sales questions
and user concerns. This toll-free line is not designed to be a technical
support hotline, but instead is an extension to the comprehensive Apple
customer relations effort. The Customer Assistance Center is open Monday
through Friday from 6 a.m. to 5 p.m. Pacific time by dialing 1-800-776-2333.

A new ShareWare-Fee payment service has been established for info, write to:

Some Assembly Required                  [e-mail]  OR
   1132 Adelaide St. N.  #719              [e-mail]
   London, Ontario  N5Y 2N8
   Canada

     Email suggestions to [e-mail]. As always, let me know of any
mistakes, updates, corrections, additions, etc.

#####################################################
#  Q#82  General guidelines on How To Troubleshoot  #
#####################################################

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:  Q#83  General troubleshooting  :
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

 > First, resist the temptation to install all your new toys at once. Take it
one step at a time and test everything after adding each item. (i.e. Run the
diagnostics and try your old programs.)

 > Leave the computer plugged in, but turned off when installing cards. Touch
the top of power supply before and often during your work.  Better yet, use a
wrist strap tied to ground through a 1 Megaohm resistor.

 > When asking others for help, it is essential to know the EXACT error
message you are getting. Also, be as specific as possible. Saying "It did not
work" or "I could not get any farther" is not helpful.  Exactly which screen
did it stop at?  Does it respond to any input at all?  What had you done up
to that point?  Is it reproducible any other way?

 > Make sure you have the required components for the program.  Does it
require an Enhanced //e? More RAM? A separate boot disk?

 > Never use your original disks.  Make a backups and store the
write-protected originals in a safe place.

 > Be sure to keep your disks away from stray magnetic fields emanating from
phones, monitors and speakers.

 > If you have an accelerator, try to disable it or take it out entirely.  It
may not be compatible with the new item.

 > Is the problem re-producible?  If so, what are the MINIMUM actions to
reproduce it?

 > Check all your cable connections.  Do not disconnect or connect any cables
with the computer on.

 > Try pulling out other cards and disconnect your joystick. If you have a lot
of cards, you might consider a Heavy-Duty Power Supply from A.E.  It supplies
6 Amps instead of a measly 2.5 Amps.  Test the power supply with a voltmeter
while the computer is on.

 > Call the manufacturer to see if there is an upgrade or a fix.

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:  Q#84  Trouble shooting and good maintenance  :
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

 > Try the system self-test: hold down the Control key, the Open Apple key,
and the Option (or Solid Apple) key. Then press and release Reset.  Lastly,
let up on the other keys. Sit back and 'Watchen Der Blinken Lighten.'

 > Most RAM cards come with a memory tester.  Try running it in continuous
mode for several hours, even if your RAM seems to be working.

 > Write down your configuration when you have it working (for future
reference).

 > Verify your disk(s) with Copy ][+ or the Finder to see if you have any bad
blocks.

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:  Q#85  GS Trouble shooting  :
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

 > Check your control panel settings: What is the startup slot set to? Is the
slot set to "Your Card"?  Check your RAM disk setting.  Is it taking up all
your memory?  Try setting the speed to normal if it's a non-GS program.

 > Take out or disable your INITS, CDAs, NDAs, and CDEVS. (With System 6, just
hold down Shift while booting).

 > If you have a hard disk, try booting from a System Disk and/or re-install
the latest system software.  Many random problems can be traced to corrupted
or improperly installed system software.

 > Never connect/disconnect an ADB device when the computer is on.

 > AppleWorks GS comes with a memory tester (try it).

 > The TransWarp GS has a continuous test on the CDA (try it too).

################
#  Q#86  SCSI  #
################

SCSI is a protocol (kind of like serial or parallel) that lets you hook up
several devices (up to 8) on a SCSI bus (a bus is just a series of wires).
You must give each device it's own unique ID number from 0-7.  The SCSI card
is usually set to 7. There are two types of SCSI cables: the 50 pin
Centronics-type (like on parallel printers) or the 25-pin "D" connector. The
50-pin is the SCSI standard, the 25-pin is the Apple standard.  On a SCSI
chain, there must be a Terminator at each end.  A Terminator is just a bunch
of resistors.  Some drives have internal terminators (3 small yellow-orange
packs), and some drives come with an external terminator (a "plug" to put on
the back of the drive).  Also, somebody on the bus must supply terminator
power (one of the SCSI lines).  If There are any problems (multiple things
with the same ID, too much termination or not enough, or no terminator
power), you may be able to use the drive, but your data will get corrupted.
Most of the time, the computer will refuse to recognize the drive.

At first, there was the Apple Rev 'C' SCSI card (named after the final ROM
version--all previous versions MUST be upgraded to work with current
software).  There were several clones from the likes of CMS and Chinook.
Then Apple came out with it's High Speed DMA SCSI card.  This has the ability
to do Direct Memory Access to the RAM in your computer, which speeds things
up. This created a lot of problems with cards that were not DMA compatible.
CV Technologies also has a DMA SCSI card called the RamFast.  This card has
256K or 1MB of on-board RAM to make it even faster than Apple's card. It can
also supply terminator power if you drive does not supply it.  Both of the
new cards support things like SCSI tape backup units, removable SCSI drives,
SCSI CD-ROM, and of course SCSI hard drives.  Both the new cards also require
an Enhanced //e.

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:  Q#87  Tips on setting up a SCSI system:  :
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

 > You can have multiple drives on one SCSI card, just make sure you remove
the termination on all the drives but the last one. This is because the newer
SCSI cards are terminated (and they count as a SCSI device).

 > Always check that the cords are plugged in properly.  Never
connect/disconnect anything when the computer is on.

 > The computer will boot the hard drive with the highest SCSI ID, which
should be ID 6.

 > Try letting the drive 'warm up' for 15 seconds before turning the computer
on.  The SCSI cards look for drives only at startup, and may ignore any
drives that are not ready.

 > Try turning off DMA.  If this helps, you may have a non-DMA compatible
card, such as the early versions of the TransWarp, early versions of the GS
RAM, or any 8-bit accelerator.  Alternately, try setting up a RAM disk for
all but 4 MB. Some RAM cards can only do DMA in the first bank.

 > Check that each device has a unique ID.  Most drives have a thumbwheel on
the back to set the ID. Your SCSI card (yes, it counts too) is probably ID 7.
 Number your drives from 6 downwards for best compatibility.  The IDs have
nothing to do with what slot the card is in.

 > Is there a terminator at each end of the SCSI bus? (the DMA cards are
terminated, and some drives are internally terminated.)

 > Try the software that came with the card.  It may give helpful diagnostic
messages (I.E. the Apple DMA SCSI utilities-- Does it say "No Apple SCSI card
found" or "No SCSI devices found"?)

 > Do you get the message "Unable to Load ProDos"?  If so, it's booting your
drive but you have no system software on it.  Try hitting Control-Reset, then
PR#5 (or PR#6) to boot a floppy.  Then install the system software (i.e.
ProDos or GS/OS).

 > In extreme cases, try reformatting the drive, repartitioning, and
re-installing the System software.

 > If the drive access light blinks in a regular pattern before the computer
is turned on, it is telling you that it has a hardware malfunction.  It needs
to be serviced.

 > Did you try re-installing the System software?  Many times, the data on a
drive will get corrupted if you run the drive with improper terminators or
conflicting SCSI ID's.  Sometimes you will not notice the corrupted data
until after you fix the problem. If re-installing the System software helps,
it was probably a software problem, not a hardware problem.

 > The Apple HS DMA SCSI card requires an Enhanced //e.  It will not work on
the older //e without an Enhancement Kit.

 > To really put a drive through it's paces, copy a LOT of stuff from one
partition to another (copy the entire partition if you can).  If there is a
problem with DMA or SCSI ID's, it will probably show up as a strange GS/OS
error. (GS only)

 > Make sure you do not have the Apple SCSI drivers installed if you have a
RamFast.  It may cause random problems (they leave an interrupt handler
dangling if they can't find their card.) (GS only)

 > Make sure you are booting the right slot.  If the card is in slot 7, you
can set the startup slot to Scan or 7. (GS only)

 > If you boot up and only 1 partition shows up, you need to install the SCSI
drivers. (GS only)

 > If you boot up and it says "Drive XXX is already on the desktop" over and
over: Probably a SCSI ID problem. (GS only)

 > If you add a CD-ROM, drivers are avaliable from Trantor Systems LTD, 5415
Randall Place, Fremont, CA 94538 [phone] (GS only)

 > At least one device must supply terminator power to the bus (Pin 26).  The
Apple Cards do not supply this, and some drives don't either. Result: The
drive won't be seen by any software.

 > Some CMS Platinum drives had pin 40 disconnected for obscure Mac
compatibility reasons.  This can cause problems with the Apple IIs.

 > Make sure you use the drivers from GS/OS, and not the ones that ship with
the Apple HS SCSI card. (Doesn't apply to RamFast).

 > To low-level format an AE Vulcan drive, go into PART.MANAGER, move the
hilight to "format" and type "AE". Then say yes to all the prompts.

======================================================================
This FAQ is available on-line at apple2.archive.umich.edu (see FTP)
CopyLeft 1994 by Dan DeMaggio. Non-profit distribution encouraged.
                  Mail me at: [e-mail]
--
[e-mail] | When laws are outlawed,      | Ono-Sendai: the best
Dangerous  Dan | only outlaws will have laws. | Sim Stim decks
--
[e-mail] | When laws are outlawed,      | Ono-Sendai: the best
Dangerous  Dan | only outlaws will have laws. | Sim Stim decks